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Rammed earth, also known in French as pisé de terre or simply pisé has been used since ages worldwide like many other earth techniques. The earth is mixed thoroughly with water to get a homogeneous humid mix. This humid earth is poured in a form in thin layers and then rammed to increase its density. The increase of density increases as well the compressive strength and the water resistance. Ramming was traditionally done by hand. Since a few decades, ramming is being done mechanically with pneumatic rammers (see the webpage on modern rammed earth).
Matlab 2017a license key. The worldwide tradition of rammed earth construction has shown that it is possible to achieve long lasting and majestic buildings from single to multi storey. Wonderful heritage can be found in countries such as France, Spain, Morocco, China, and all over the Himalayan area. One can see numerous and wonderful examples with all kinds of buildings:
• Farms, or rural houses, chateaux and apartments in Europe
• Entire villages in North Africa
• Parts of the great wall of China
• Buildings in most of the Himalayan regions of Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, Ladakh
• Widespread examples in South America
Two techniques have traditionally been developed. They used either horizontal or vertical formworks.
The horizontal technique was used in many parts of the world. Strips of walls were built horizontally and their height varied from 30 to 90 cm. | China |
The vertical technique was used in a few places in the world: mainly in Tibet, China and one region of France (Bugey). | China |
Humid soil was evenly poured into the formwork to get a regular course of about 12-15 cm thickness. Dmg extractor 1 2 3 0 cracked. Ramming was traditionally done by hand. | India, Ladakh, Losar |
France - Château de Reyrieux, 17th century | France, Villefontaine - Ex bourgeois´ house | |
France, Saint Siméon de Bressieux - Longest building in Europe | France, Saint Siméon de Bressieux - Social housing, 19th century | |
Spain - Castillo de Biar, 12th century (photo Paul Jaquin) | Spain - Castillo Baños de la Encina, 10th century (photo Paul Jaquin) | Spain - Castillo Baños de la Encina, 10th century (photo Paul Jaquin) |
Spain - Castillo Baños de la Encina, 10th century (photo Paul Jaquin) | Spain, Maluenda - Church Santas Justa y Rufina (photo Paul Jaquin | |
>Morocco - Village in the North Atlas | Morocco - House | |
India, Ladakh - Basgo village | ||
India, Ladakh, Leh - Castle | India, Ladakh - Spituk Gompa | |
India, Spiti - Mane village | ||
Tibet, Lhasa - Potala palace | Tibet, Amdo - House | |
China, Fujian Province - Village / house of Hakkas clan | China, Fujian Province - Village / house of Hakkas clan | China, Fujian Province - Yijing Building at Shangyang |
According to UNEP, buildings stand for 40% of global energy consumption and contribute up to 30% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Their report also confirmed that the building sector has the most potential for delivering significant and cost-effective GHG emission reduction.
“Countries will not meet emission reduction targets without supporting energy efficiency gains in the building sector.” – UNEP Cement is 14% of global human CO2 production.
According to the IPCC, for every tonne cement produced, one and a quarter tonnes of CO2 are released.
Considering that a majority of buildings’ GHG emissions are primarily from the use of fossil fuel during their operational phase, it is clear that there is a need to address not only the impacts of actually constructing building, but also using them. We need solutions that don’t tackle one problem at a time, but a holistic approach to our global challenges.
It is possible for rammed earth constructions to carry large loads, up to three or four stories high, but not skyscrapers. So why aren’t we saving the cement and steel for skyscrapers and using rammed earth for other housing, clinics, schools and business uses?
ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE
Rammed earth is one of the most sustainable materials available. It has around 70% reduction in embodied energy compared to bricks, a high thermal mass, and as our modular formwork system can be removed and reused during several decades we also produce minimal waste during the construction phase. There’s further no firing process, resulting in zero kilns, zero toxic emissions and zero greenhouse gases.
HIGH THERMAL MASS
Our energy efficient rammed earth walls of minimum 30 cm thickness provides great protection from extremes in climates. The walls collect heat from the sun during daylight hours and release the warmth during the night, when the outside temperature sinks, which makes for a very slow heat/cold penetration. This allows the internal temperature to remain stable, with warmer feelings during the winter and cooler in the summer than outside temperatures. An economic and environmental advantage.
FAST BUILD-TIME
30 years of optimising our rammed earth construction process allow us to build faster than brick walling. The walls are built as a series of independent “monolith panels” made using pneumatically compacted layers of blended quarry aggregates, cement and waterproofing admixtures. We use specialised ‘Stabilform’ formwork that is stripped each following day to reveal massive, beautiful and durable walls.
LOAD BEARING
Our strong rammed earth walls are load bearing and don’t need any core filling, reinforcing or other structural framing. The massive structural panels add substantial bracing to the fabric of a building and can withstand significant point loads such as roof beams, verandah beams, floor beams and bracing beams. Rammed earth constructions around the world are still standing more than 1,000 years later, e.g. the Alhambra in Grenada in Spain and sections of the Great Wall of China.
DESIGN ASSISTANCE
We work closely with architects, designers, structural engineers and builders in order to provide the most current advice available to help achieve ideal rammed earth construction outcomes. Our assistance is free and covers structural design, projects scheduling and cost estimates for both residential and commercial buildings.
MAINTENANCE FREE
Rammed Earth Construction Techniques Youtube
Our rammed earth walls are maintenance free and have a unique off-form finish as they express sedimentary compaction lines that inform a simple and natural texture for which the material is famous. There is no need to finish with plaster, wallpaper or tiles, saving both energy and money during construction and throughout the life of the building.
NON-TOXIC
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